The Selma Incident Of The Civil Rights Movement - 1320 Words

On November 4th, 2008, American voters elected Barack Obama president of the United States, the first time an African American candidate has been elected to the office of the presidency. This historic election was described by John Lewis, a longtime civil rights activist as â€Å"what comes at the end of the bridge in Selma†. (413) This was a reference to the incident on March 7th, 1965 when â€Å"police officers used clubs and tear gas against a group of civil rights demonstrators led by the reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. as they protested the denial of voting rights in Alabama.† (pg 95) However, news reports of this horrific incident helped galvanize support for the 1965 Voting Rights Act.† The Selma incident was just one of many hurdles faced by the civil rights movement. The civil rights movement was the effort made by black people and their supporters in the 1950s and 1960s to eliminate segregation and gain equal rights. The movement was led by leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. In order to bring attention to unfair laws plaguing the African-American community in the United States at the time, Dr. King used nonviolent protest to call attention to unfair laws. This strategy of protest was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi. Dr. King undertook Gandhi s non-violent passive resistance form of protest and never resorted to violence even when violence was done to them. King believed the same strategy that Gandhi employed in India could work in America and that â€Å"nonviolence is aShow MoreRelatedAva Duvernay Directed The Educational Film About The Historic Peace1248 Words   |  5 Pagesabout the historic peace march Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. led in Selma, Alabama. DuVern ay focuses her film towards the Civil Rights Movement, a topic she holds close to her heart. The film illustrates the life behind King and the people involved with the peace march to Selma as they were organizing this march that had the potential to turn the tides during the Civil Rights Movement. The way DuVernay wanted to capture King’s movement was interesting and eye popping to viewers who are not aware of howRead MoreMartin Luther King Day And Black History916 Words   |  4 Pagesalthough coming from a past of inequality. I wasn’t particularly interested in seeing Selma because I knew what it represented. I feared to cry and get emotional over the hardships of post-slavery and the battles of the Civil Rights Movement. I knew it was going to be gruesome to watch because of its vivid depiction of how our nation used to be and a touch of reality of how it continues to become. The movie Selma had a different vision of who Martin Luther King was. He was not just seen as a heroRead MoreProtest Movement Essay1341 Words   |  6 PagesProtest Marches in 1960s Civil Rights Movement as A Nonviolent Tactic. We will show around the world that it is a lie that rulers have said black people are satisfied with the present situation (Electronic Journal, 2007, para. 3). This is the part of what Martin Luther King, Jr. said to explain how his nonviolent tactics work for acquiring civil rights of African Americans. In fact, nonviolent tactics contributed to several progresses of the civil rights movement, though it unfortunately shiftedRead MoreCivil Rights Movement of the 50s and 60s1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement of the 50’s and 60’s Once upon a horrible time, the United States was a segregated country in which blacks were considered some sort of subspecies. Although the civil war addressed segregation it didn’t enforce it. While black and white citizens were becoming a group of equals in the north, the story was much different in the segregated south. Black citizens in the south still faced unequal treatment, wages, and were often persecuted by everyone from store workers toRead MoreThe Fight to Vote Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pagesthe right to vote. In many states, they could only vote if their state allowed them the privilege. The dedicated men and women fought for their right to vote in the Civil Rights Movement in the early and mid 1900s. Congress passed the Fifteenth Amendment and the Voting Rights Act to give African Americans the rights to vote. It would have not occurred if the Civil Rights Movement had not taken place. The Nineteenth Amendment would not have occurred either if not for the Civi l Rights Movement. TheRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Selma 1360 Words   |  6 PagesEquality and Justice - false promises a nation was created to protect. The historical drama, Selma (2014), directed by Ava DuVernay, depicts some of the struggles African-Americans faced in the pursuit of equality and justice during the mid 1950’s to 1960’s, and the role Martin Luther King Jr. played in his attempt to overcome such inequalities. Even before its release, Selma received backlash from critics who claimed it falsely depicted Lyndon B. Johnson at odds with Martin Luther King Jr, and allegedRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Martin Luther King Jr.1174 Words   |  5 Pagesencountered oppression in the 1960s and many have resisted from it. One memorable figure that revolutionized equally in the United States is Martin Luther King Jr. King was an activist leader during the Civil Rights Movement who nonviolently protested along with many of his followers, involving civil di sobedience, peaceful symbolic protests and economic noncooperation. He used great and powerful speeches regarding racial discrimination and used other ways to fight back against inequality. For instanceRead More Segregation and the Civil Rights Movement Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pages Protest against injustice is deeply rooted in the African American experience. The origins of the civil rights movement date much further back than the 1954 Supreme Court ruling on Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka which said, separate but equal schools violated the Constitution. From the earliest slave revolts in this country over 400 years ago, African Americans strove to gain full participation in every aspect of political, economic and social life in the United States. Read MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay examples1639 Words   |  7 PagesFor many years after the Civil War many African-Americans did not truly enjoy the freedoms that were granted to them by the US constitution. This was especially true in the southern states, because segregation flourished in the south wwhere African-Americans were treated as second class citizens. This racial segregation was characterized by separation of different races in daily life, such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a rest room, attending school, going to theRead MoreMy Soul Is Rested1631 Words   |  7 PagesOption B The Civil Rights Movement in the United States refers to a set of events and reform movements in that country aimed at bringing to an end public and private acts of racial discrimination and racism against African Americans between 1954 to 1968, Whenever the civil rights is brought up there are names that almost always come to mind like Dr Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks. But there are others both black and white that participated in the movement. That are not as famous

The Significance of Fish in Chinese Language

Learning the word for fish in Chinese can be a highly useful skill. From ordering seafood at a restaurant to understanding why there are so many fish themed decorations during Chinese New Years, knowing how to say fish in Chinese is both practical and an insight into cultural values. Deconstructing the Chinese word for fish includes learning about pronunciation and its evolution from pictograph to a simplified character. The Chinese Character for Fish   The Chinese character for  fish,  written in the traditional form, is é ­Å¡.  The simplified form is  Ã© ± ¼. Regardless of what form it is written in, the word for fish in Chinese is pronounced like you. Compared to English, the Chinese yà º has a shorter, more relaxed ending, dropping the exaggerated w sound that rounds out the big, full vowel in you. Evolution of the Chinese Character for Fish The traditional form of the Chinese character for fish evolved from an ancient pictograph. In its earliest form,  the word for fish clearly showed the fins, eyes, and scales of a fish. The current traditional form incorporates the four strokes of the fire radical, which looks like this (ç  ¬).Perhaps this addition suggests that fish is most useful to human beings when it is cooked.   Radical This character is also a traditional radical, meaning that the primary graphical component of the character is used as a building block in other, more complex Chinese characters. Radicals, also sometimes called classifiers, ultimately become a shared graphical component for several characters. Thus, the Chinese dictionary is often organized by radical. Many complex characters share the radical that derives from fish. Surprisingly, a lot of them are not related to fish or seafood at all. Here are some of the most common examples of Chinese characters with a fish radical. Traditional Characters Simplified Characters Pinyin English å… «Ã¥ ¸ ¶Ã© ­Å¡ å… «Ã¥ ¸ ¦Ã© ± ¼ bÄ  dà  i yà º octopus é ®â€˜Ã© ­Å¡ é ² Ã© ± ¼ bà  o yà º abalone æ â€¢Ã© ­Å¡ æ â€¢Ã© ± ¼ bÇ” yà º to catch fish ç‚’é ­ ·Ã© ­Å¡ ç‚’é ± ¿Ã© ± ¼ chÇŽo yà ³u yà º to be fired é‡ £Ã© ­Å¡ é’“é ± ¼ dià  o yà º to go fishing é ± ·Ã© ­Å¡ é ³â€žÃ© ± ¼ à ¨ yà º alligator; crocodile é ® ­Ã© ­Å¡ é ® ­Ã© ± ¼ guÄ « yà º salmon 金é ­Å¡ 金é ± ¼ jÄ «n yà º goldfish é ¯ ¨Ã© ­Å¡ é ² ¸Ã© ± ¼ jÄ «ng yà º whale é ¯Å Ã© ­Å¡ é ² ¨Ã© ± ¼ shÄ  yà º shark é ­Å¡Ã¥ ¤ « é ± ¼Ã¥ ¤ « yà º fÃ… « fisherman é ­Å¡Ã§ « ¿ é ± ¼Ã§ « ¿ yà º gÄ n fishing rod é ­Å¡Ã§ ¶ ² é ± ¼Ã§ ½â€˜ yà º wÇŽng fishing net é ­ ¦ é ­ ¦ shÄ  shark family(including rays and skates) é ­ ¨ é ­ ¨ tà ºn leatherfish é ®Å¡ é ²â€™ jià © oyster é ®Å¾ é ²â€¢ à ©r caviar; roe/fish eggs é ¯  é ²   gÄ›ng blunt; fish bones; unyielding é ¯â€" é ² ­ qÄ «ng mackerel; mullet é ¯ ¨ é ² ¸ jÄ «ng whale é ±Å¸ é ²Å½ hà ²u king crab Cultural Importance of Fish in China The pronunciation of fish in Chinese, yà º,  is a homophone for â€Å"affluence† or â€Å"abundance. This phonetic similarity has led to fish becoming a symbol of  abundance and prosperity in Chinese culture. As such, fish are a common symbol in Chinese art and literature, and they are particularly important in Chinese mythology.   For instance, Asian carp (as they are known in the U.S.), are the subject of many Chinese lyrics and stories. The character for this creature is é ² ¤ é ± ¼, pronounced lÇ  yà º. Pictures and depictions of fish are also a common decoration for Chinese New Year. Fish in Chinese Mythology One of the most interesting Chinese myths about fish is the idea that a carp that climbs the waterfall on the Yellow River (known as the Dragon Gate) transforms into a dragon. The dragon is another important symbol in Chinese culture. In reality, each spring, carp gather in great numbers in the pool at the base of the waterfall, but very few actually make the climb. It has become a common saying in China that a student facing examinations is like a carp attempting to leap the Dragon Gate. The dragon/carp relationship is referenced in popular culture in other countries through the Pokà ©mon Magikarp and Gyarados.

Writing Strategies for Students

Every academic writing task comes with unique challenges. This makes even a seasoned writer face lots of difficulties in settling down to write. The task you have at hand needs the most appropriate interpretation before you settle on any strategy for the writing process. There are many strategies you can use as a writer; one task may require applying several strategies. When selecting a workable strategy for the academic paper you want to write, ensure you create in writing, the most credible image as a competent member of your selected field of discipline. A clear understanding of your writing strategy makes you gain confidence. Imagine having to write an academic paper as an undergraduate, to be presented to the faculty professor. The professor knows more than you know. Your strategy would definitely to display familiarity, expertise and intelligence. How do you achieve that? So before you embark in writing, investigate what your main writing strategy is. Would you like to seek your friends support in gathering the phraseology or browse useful phraseology from other, possibly better polished papers and using it weave your ideas together? You need to analyze what is expected of you and how you are going to achieve it. From the research problem, you will be able to formulate the theoretical framework which leads you piece up the literature review then research methodologies. All will depend on the kind or academic writing you are handling. Academic writings do vary in scope or purpose and, of course the audience. All these will determine your organization, style, flow and presentations, hence determine your strategy. After making a choice, you need to ask yourself why you have settled for that particular strategy. May be you have noted it a technical paper and you have recognized the need for some stylistic variation and you therefore need to acquire the linguistic resources to achieve this. You may also want to use another strategy. Evidently, if your main strategy is insufficient, supplement it accordingly. There is also a question of your strategies are dependent on the type of text you are composing. This will guide you composing you paper in the phraseology that suits the academic writing. May be the accuracy of your sentence-level grammar is the most significant aspect of getting your ideas across. As a student writer, it is wise perusing all the strategies that you do not use and identifying which one you would you most like to develop. This is necessitated by the fact that your future academic writings may require a different approach. This is when you embark on finding how you might go about developing it. To grasp the mastery of academic writing in your own field ensure you have to note the most important strategy you require to communicate with your audience. You should do an analysis of all the available strategies and consider whether they could equally apply well to all fields. Think of how they might vary for an author of Public health history, Economics, Physics, or Engineering.

The Effects of Smoking Essay - 1501 Words

The Effects of Smoking The health effects of cigarette smoking are vast and well documented. In fact, over 75,000 reports have examined the connection between cigarette smoking and its effects (U.S. DHHS Reducing Health). A Report to the Surgeon General has stated that It is safe to say that smoking represents the most extensively documented cause of disease ever investigated in the history of biomedical research (U.S. DHHS The Health). And a 1988 Report to the Surgeon General stated that nicotine (the drug found in tobacco) is as addictive as heroin and cocaine (American Lung Association, Pg. 2). The effects of smoking have been observed for a very long time. As early as the 1920s, research identified nicotine as being†¦show more content†¦DHHS The Health). People who are new to smoking often feel sick or dizzy when they smoke. This is their bodys way of responding to the effects of nicotine. When you add to this the carbon monoxide that enters the blood stream with cigarette smoke, it takes the place of vital oxygen that is needed by the muscles and organs (U.S. DHHS The Health). This means that the body is not able to perform to the best of its capacity. Chemicals in tobacco smoke harm the airways and lungs, damaging the lungs ability to clean themselves, and making the smoker more open to coughs and chest infection (U.S. DHHS The Health). Teenage smokers cough more than teenagers who do not smoke, and by the time they become adults, many young smokers will already have abnormal changes in the cells lining their small airways (Center for Disease Control, Pg. 16). Teenage smokers also have more asthma and allergic symptoms than non-smokers of the same age, and get more easily winded when exercising (Center for Disease Control, Pg. 16). As you can now see, smoking effects many parts of the body. Just one cigarette dose make a difference, and even young smokers show signs of damage due to smoking. When people become regular users of tobacco, they can find it very difficult to stop. Starting smoking when young, and smoking for a very long time, makes it more likely that a smoking related disease will develop (U.S. DHHS The Health). Approximately one in two smokersShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Smoking On The Smoking2594 Words   |  11 PagesThe Effects of Smoking Smoking remains one of the most prevalent habits in society. The effects of smoking are wide ranging and devastating. Despite having the knowledge of these effects on human health, there has been no significant change in the smoking trends. Smoking involves inhalation of smoke from burnt substances. Some of the substances burned have major effects on the nervous system and the smoker is intoxicated after smoking. An example is marijuana, which has catastrophic effects on theRead MoreThe Harmful Effects Of Smoking And Smoking1380 Words   |  6 Pagestime they light a smoke. Some of the harmful effects of smoking include various potentially lethal diseases to the smoker and others exposed to secondhand smoke, the sinful addiction caused by a key ingredient in cigarettes, and social issues smoking causes for smokers and their loved ones. Smoking should be prohibited completely because of the harmful physical and social effects it has on smokers and the non-smokers they associate with . First of all, smoking creates a number of health problems for smokersRead MoreThe Effects of Smoking 2118 Words   |  8 PagesSmoking: Effects on Facial Skins Causing more than 400,000 deaths each year, smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Additionally, the direct medical costs amount more than $50 billion per year. More people are harmed and killed by smoking every year than they die of alcohol, drug abuse, AIDS, murders, car crashes, fires, and suicides. Cigarette smoke contains over 4,700 chemicals, over 200 poisons, and over 50 human carcinogens. The toxins in cigarette smoke includeRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking On The Decline Of Smoking Rates1072 Words   |  5 Pagesthat Australia has made significant advances in the decline of smoking rates within the population, with rates falling dramatically since the 1960s to approximately 14% of the population classed as smokers, smoking continues to be a leading cause of preventable illness and de aths in Australia. Worryingly, smoking is attributed to more hospital admissions and deaths than alcohol and illicit drug consumption combined. Unfortunately, smoking claims a staggering 15,500 Australians every year. InternationallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking On The Baby887 Words   |  4 Pagesshort and long term effects it has on their baby? The fact that this is becoming more accepted in today’s world to smoke while pregnant is completely unacceptable. The list of negative effects that smoking while pregnant have on the baby range from premature labor to brain defects. Clinical studies have proven the negative short and long term effects that smoking while pregnant can have on a baby. Smoking while pregnant should be illegal, due to the amount of negative effects it has on the baby.Read MoreEffects Of Smoking Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Smoking has become a usual thing in our culture of recent. A person with a cigarette, E-Cigarette, Hookahs and Weed Cigarettes has become the norm in our society: we can see them on the streets, actors smoke in movies, there are also book characters who smoke, we have relatives, friends or someone we look up to who smoke. Starting as mainly as a part of a religious ritual a long time ago, smoking has become a routine thing for us in recent times, not giving thoughts to the many effects of smokingRead MoreThe Poisoning Effects of Smoking1243 Words   |  5 PagesSmoking tobacco has been practiced for years. People worldwide view smoking as a lifestyle and smoked for pleasure and relaxation. During the 19th century it was considered fashionable to be seen taking a puff from a cigarette. At that time, the world was blind to the negative effects of smoking tobacco. However, during the 20th century, scientific research began and The American Cancer Society began to emphasize the hea lth risks of smoking cigarettes. By 1964 a Surgeon’s General warning wasRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Smoking1195 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Cigarettes destroy life. Toxic to the body. We are young generation. Confident for non-smokers.† This is motto of the Army Reserve Command to cultivate reserve officer training corps student and other youth to realize the harm of smoking. What is cigarette? cigarette under the Tobacco Act BE 2509 means that the tobacco or flavored tobacco, whether the drug or drugs to dry the compressed mixed or not. Which the cigarettes made with paper or object made instead of paper or dryRead MoreTobacco Smoking And Its Effects1089 Words   |  5 Pages Tobacco [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Tobacco Introduction Tobacco smoking is the major preventable cause of illness and mortality in developed countries. Tobacco smoke is a combination of approximately 4,000 toxic chemicals and at least 42 components are associated with cancer. Tobacco Smoking is responsible for 30% of cancer deaths and 90% of deaths from lung cancer (Arnold, 2001). The other cancers related to cigarette use are mouth cancer, larynx, pharynx, esophagusRead MoreHarmful Effects of Smoking1418 Words   |  6 PagesHarmful effects of smoking Doan Thi Huong Thao BAIU08155 International University HCMC Academic English 2 Bien Thi Thanh Mai Instructor May 17, 2010 Abstract Smoking is known to be a primary cause of harmful effects on health, family, environment and society. However, scientist research in health and environment, that researches show that smoking cause many diseases, even lung cancer. An aim of my study has been to determine that smoking also effect on family and society. Results indicated

Nuclear threat Free Essays

The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) has become a metaphor for 21st-century security concerns. Although nuclear weapons have not been used since the end of World War II, their influence on international security affairs is pervasive, and possession of WMD remains an important divide in international politics today (Norris 61). The nuclear postures of the former Cold War rivals have evolved more slowly than the fast-breaking political developments of the decade or so that has elapsed since the former Soviet Union collapsed. We will write a custom essay sample on Nuclear threat or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nevertheless, some important changes have already taken place. By mutual consent, the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty of 1972 was terminated by the United States and Russia, which have agreed to modify their nuclear offensive force posture significantly through a large reduction in the number of deployed delivery systems. Nuclear weapons are no longer at the center of this bilateral relationship. Although the two nations are pursuing divergent doctrines for their residual nuclear weapons posture, neither approach poses a threat to the other. The structure, but not the detailed content, of the future U.S. nuclear posture was expressed in the 2002 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), which established a significant doctrinal shift from deterrence to a more complex approach to addressing the problem of proliferated WMD. The Russian doctrinal adaptation to the post-Cold War security environment is somewhat more opaque. The government appears to be focused on developing and fielding low-yield weapons that are more suitable for tactical use, though the current building of new missiles and warheads may be associated with new strategic nuclear payloads as well. Despite the diminished post ­Cold War role of nuclear weapons in the United States, the cumulative deterioration of Russia’s conventional military force since 1991 has actually made nuclear weapons more central to that government’s defense policy. The end of the adversarial relationship with the Soviet Union (and later, the Russian Federation) had to be taken into account in the NPR. The current nuclear posture is evolving in a manner parallel to the modernization of the U.S. non-nuclear military establishment. In stark contrast to Cold War ­era military planning, the 21st century is likely to be characterized by circumstances in which the adversary is not well known far in advance of a potential confrontation. The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) is adjusting to these new circumstances by developing highly capable and flexible military forces that can adapt to the characteristics of adversaries as they appear. This makes the traditional path to modernization through investment in weapons systems as the threat emerges economically infeasible. Modern information technology lets the military change the characteristics of its flexible weapons and forces in much less time than it would take to develop whole new weapons systems. Thus, DOD is attempting to create a military information system: the integrated effect of command-control-communications-computation-intelligence-surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR). This system is inherently more flexible for adapting to changes in the threat environment. WMD and the means to deliver them are mature technologies, and knowledge of how to create such capabilities is widely distributed. Moreover, the relative cost of these capabilities declined sharply toward the end of the 20th century. Today, the poorest nations on earth (such as North Korea and Pakistan) have found WMD to be the most attractive course available to meet their security needs (Lieggi 2). Proliferation of WMD was stimulated as an unintended consequence of a U.S. failure to invest in technologies such as ballistic missile defense that could have dissuaded nations from investing in such weapons. The United States’ preoccupation with deterring the Soviet Union incorporated the erroneous assumption that success in that arena would deter proliferation elsewhere (Barnaby 7). This mistake was compounded by the perverse interaction between defense policy and arms control in the 1990s. Misplaced confidence was lodged in a network of multilateral agreements and practices to prevent proliferation that contributed to obscuring rather than illuminating what was happening. Confidence placed in the inspection provisions of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), for example, obscured efforts to obtain knowledge of clandestine WMD programs. NPT signatories were among those nations with clandestine WMD programs. Without a modernization of defense policy, the ready availability of WMD-related technology will converge with their declining relative cost and a fatally flawed arms control structure to stimulate further proliferation in the 21st century. The process whereby WMD and ballistic missile technology has proliferated among a group of nations that otherwise share no common interests are likely to become the template for 21st-century proliferation. The scope of this problem was recognized in part as a result of a comprehensive review of intelligence data in 1997 ­1998 by the Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States (the Rumsfeld Commission). This recognition swiftly evolved into a set of significant policy initiatives that responded to changes in the international security environment. The arms control arrangements most closely identified with the adversarial relationship with the former Soviet Union were passà ©. In 1999 the Senate refused to ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty; the United States and Russia ended the 1972 ABM Treaty and agreed to jettison the START process, which kept nuclear deployments at Cold War levels in favor of much deeper reductions in offensive forces in 2002. U.S. policy began to evolve in response to these developments. The incompatibility between the Cold War legacy nuclear posture and the 21st-century security environment stimulated a search for approaches to modernize policies pertinent to nuclear weapons. In response to statutory direction, the Bush administration published the Quadrennial Defense Review, the Nuclear Posture Review, the National Defense Strategy of the United States, and the National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction. Taken together, these documents constitute the most profound change in U.S. policy related to nuclear weapons since the Eisenhower administration (Krepon 1).  The unique capabilities of nuclear weapons may still be required in some circumstances, but the range of alternatives to them is much greater today. The evolution of technology has created an opportunity to move from a policy that deters through the threat of massive retaliation to one that can reasonably aspire to the more demanding aim–to dissuade. If adversary WMD systems can be held at risk through a combination of precision non-nuclear strike and active defense, nuclear weapons are less necessary (Albright 2). By developing a military capability that holds a proliferators’ entire WMD posture at risk rather than relying solely on the ability to deter the threat or use of WMD after they have been developed, produced, and deployed, the prospects for reducing the role of WMD in international politics are much improved. The 21st-century proliferation problem creates a set of targets significantly different from those that existed during the Cold War. Few targets can be held at risk only by nuclear weapons, but the ones that are appropriate may require different characteristics and, in many circumstances, different designs than those currently in the nuclear stockpile. The nature of the targets and the scope of the potential threat also alter the character of the underlying scientific, engineering, and industrial infrastructure that supports the nuclear weapons posture.   This research paper will therefore seek to discuss the problem of nuclear devices or WMDs (as they are presently termed) and try to address to current policy issues surrounding the matter. RESEARCH OUTLINE: INTRODUCTION: a.)    what is the problem surrounding nuclear threats in the 21st century b.)    what are the recent developments surrounding this issue c.)    what solutions have been successful in addressing these problem BODY: a.)    who are nuclear threats b.)    what has been done to stop c.)    What can be done? d.)   What can the US do? What can the UN do? CONCLUSION: References: Robert Norris and Hans Kristensen, â€Å"Chinese Nuclear Forces, 2006,† Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 62. no. 3 (2006): 61. Stephanie Lieggi, Center for Nonproliferation Studies, â€Å"Going Beyond the Stir: the strategic realities of China’s No First Use policy,† Nuclear Threat Initiative, http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/realities-chinas-no-first-use-policy/ (accessed June 30, 2006). Frank Barnaby and Shaun Barnie, Thinking the Unthinkable: Japanese nuclear power and proliferation in East Asia (Oxford, UK: Oxford Research Group and Citizens’ Nuclear Information Center, 2005): 7†³8. George Perkovich, India’s Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.) Michael Krepon, Rodney W. Jones Ziad Haider eds., â€Å"Escalation Control the Nuclear Option in South Asia,† The Henry L. Stimson Center, September 2004, https://www.stimson.org/?id=191, (May 2005). Text of â€Å"Export Controls on Goods, Technologies, Material, and Equipment Related to Nuclear and Biological Weapons and their Delivery Systems Act, 2004,† Published in Gazette of Pakistan, 27 September 2004, Cited at, http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/ Infcircs/2004/infcirc636.pdf, (May 2005). Michael Krepon and Chris Gagne eds., â€Å"The Stability-Instability Paradox: Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear Brinksmanship in South Asia,† The Henry L. Stimson Center, June 2001, https://www.stimson.org/research?ID=1, (May 2005). Feroz Hassan Khan, â€Å"The Independence-Dependence Paradox: Stability Dilemmas in South Asia,† Arms Control Association, October 2003, https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2003_10/Khan_10, (May 2005). Ashley J. Tellis, India’s Emerging Nuclear Posture: Between Recessed Deterrent and Ready Arsenal, (Santa Monica: Rand, 2001.) How to cite Nuclear threat, Essay examples

Sociology Ageing and the Barriers to Mature Age Labour

Questions: 1.A range of racial inequalities persist in Australia. Using the lenses of functionalism and/or conflict theory, and drawing on at least one clear example, provide an account of current racial inequalities in Australia.2.Explain the implications of unemployment in late modernity.3.In your own words, what is this reading about? What contribution does it make to the discipline of sociology? Format your answer as follows:1. Summary of the reading. What is it about? 2. What were the research methods used? 3. How does this reading help develop our sociological understanding of social change more broadly? Answers: 1. In the recent epoch, racism raises its ugly face and permeates the landscape. The whole world is countenancing a crucial problem. The Afro-Asians and the mixed race people face the problem that creates havoc around the world. Australia is one such country that witnesses the rising storm of racism. The indigenous population of Australia has been facing such situation since time immemorial. After the coming of the English people, the country saw an intermingling of autochthonous and foreign elements. The natives of the country faced racial discrimination that devastated their life. Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim and Robert Merton develop the functionalist perspective. According to the concept, society interlaced various elements that function in unison. It maintains social equilibrium for the whole. Australia presents a typical case of racial discrimination that transgresses the margin of International Law. The country is ostensibly separated from the world by sea. The anthem also encapsulates such idea. However, the country segregates the entire strata of the population by augmenting racial tensions. Racial inequalities create problems in the cities of America and United Kingdom. However, the recent racial upsurge in Australia engenders problems in the nation. The country has set the paradigm of economic development. Conversely, the poor image of racially torn society makes Australia a rigid zone. In the recent time, the aborigines of Australia face lethal situation. The aboriginal babies have low weight and suffer from malnutrition. About 80 percent of indigenous population goes through severe problems, as far as the maintenance of health is concerned. The media claims that about half of the native men and women of Australia died before the attainment of right age. The newspaper covers the story of scores of people created consternation near Brisbanes Parklands that vehemently protested against the death of Aborigines in custody. It is an instance of racial exclusiveness that traumatizes the indigenous population of Australia. The Aboriginal and Torres Islander women consist of 33% of the total prison population (women). The aboriginal women and men folk suffer from various racial problems. The racial inequality is a serious problem that also involves Islamic tension. Islam phobia is escalating in Australia and it assumes a problematic terrain. Due to ignorance and racial pro blems, the Muslims face rigorous tensions in Australia. The incidents take an alarming high shape in and around Australia. Such problems are not limited to a few regions. The media reports that women in veil (hijab) face complicated situation in the streets. They are physically tormented. Therefore, the Muslim women feel afraid to come out of their secluded cocoon in Launceston. 2. Unemployment is the most crucial problem that affects the young population mostly. The problem of unemployment poses serious threat to the world demography. It bears a far-reaching repercussion in the social domain. Australia is one such country that comes out of the global financial depression. However, the problem of unemployment pervades the nation. The major issue of unemployment looms large over the country. The rate of unemployment leaps from about 4% to 6% between 2008 and 2009. The situation persists for a long time and it encompasses the young people of the nation. It gravely affects the nature of economy and devastates the labor ecosystem. It assumes various characters in the recent time and compounds the problems of the nation. In the recent era, the type of frictional unemployment creates disturbance. The particular variant of unemployment (frictional unemployment) severely affects the youth of the world. The young people of Australia and other parts of the world have been facing such scenario. They countenance downward course during the time of depression. Subsequently, the declining economic activity reduces the pace of productivity in the recent phase. Under such circumstances, the young people (20-30) age groups suffer from career tensions and chronic depressions. Such problems create a difficult situation for the young people. The youth of the nation witness a drastic transition from education to employment. The statistics reveal that during May 2012, the level of unemployment (15 to 19) years people shrinks to 18.8%. However, the rate of unemployment for the older groups is 5.8%. (abc.net.au 2014) The rate is relatively lesser for the older groups than for the younger groups (abc.net.au 2014). With the increasing slumps, the log-term unemployment or structural unemployment persists for a long time. The escalating number has attracted the Young Australians. They have been going through a phase of depression since time immemorial. The problem assumes rein not only in Australia, but also in other parts of the world. The problem of yo uth unemployment is on alarmingly high in the recent time. The newspapers claim that about 50,000 young Australians are out of the employed phase. At the same time, the vestige of productivity disappeared. At the other end of the spectrum, the growing unemployment severely damages the reputation and status of the young employees. The problem of unemployment stifles the rate of productivity in every way. It creates ruckus and it gravely affects the young population. 3. The book, The Gang: A study of 1,313 Gangs in Chicago (1927) written by Frederick Thrasher explicates the theme of Gang that describes the cohort of young people. According to Thrasher, the plight of America at the end of the 19th century became dismally poor. Consequently, many young people became street rogues that damaged the social picture of the United States. During this time, the immigrants based out of ethnic ghettos in the near-by localities assume various characteristics. Such people create the conglomeration of races and commingling of diverse cultures. At the same time, the debased accommodation and inferior unemployment prospects projected a complicated picture (Temple et al. 2011). The book, The Gang: A study of 1,313 Gangs in Chicago appeared in 1927. The book is a picturesque and multi-segmented anecdote of juvenile gangs that were persistent in the US states. The book belongs to the Chicago School of Sociology. The book assumes a new style that delves into the study of criminal gangs towards the end of the 19th century. It reflects on the contemporary research and changing perspective of the gang life. The book explains about the post positivist approach and greatly delineates the scope of criminology. It explores the advent of fresh research paradigm that interlaces radical perspective and social influence (Gelder 2005). The book, The Gang: A study of 1,313 Gangs in Chicago (1927) penned down by Frederick Thrasher mentions about the social changes that crept in the society. The book encapsulates varied conditions that narrate socially disarrayed localities. In these localities, the social control and mechanism were inefficient and weak. Due to the dearth of social control and discipline, the young people transgressed the ethical code and strove towards the path of violence. The research of Thrasher opened new avenues of sociological research in the recent phase. The book depicts that gangs emanate from the lower segment of social and economic backgrounds. They belonged to the subculture domain that was a divergence from middle-class culture. The book talks about the deteriorating plight of the US society that was conditioned by ineffective social control and powerful institutions. The book maintains that gangs and criminal scenes influence the behavior and conduct of the people. In any society, crimi nal activities are extremely in vogue. These have portrayed a dismal picture of the society. The book elucidates a situation, which manifests changing power equations. The local gangs spawn a heated climate that influences other adolescents to take up arms and adopts the path of violence. Through an illegitimate means, they create ruckus and make the people of the society kneel before the fate of annihilation (Gelder 2005). The book, The Taxi-Dance Hall gives an enthralling account of the taxi dance halls of the 1920s. It is an intricate sociological study written by Sociologist Paul G. Cressey. The book appeared under the rubric of The Taxi-Dance Hall: A Sociological Study in Commercialized Recreation and City Life in 1925. The book gives a vivid description of the social institutions. The history is based on the interviews given by the taxi drivers and their patrons. It explores a new terrain, which is not deciphered. The author of the book aims to evaluate and analyse the scenario, in relation to the taste and preference of the American citizens. The book, The Taxi-Dance Hall exhibits the Chicago School Variant of Subculture that is entrenched in the methodological approach of Sociology. The approach entails the study of youth cultures in varied forms. The book is written from the perspective of subcultures that plays a crucial role in the designing of the text. The usage of ethnographic methods, for an instance the observation of participants forms the core of the book. While exploring the ethnographic variations, Cressey mentions that the profession of the taxi dancers is not about earning money. The profession reveals the cultural significance of the workers. It is a unique way of representing the writing and research. The book, The Taxi-Dance Hall reflects on the changing trend and perspective of the society. It captures the transitory phase of women that entered the social circuit through varied occupations. The women liberally sublimate into activates that help to preserve the values of civilization. The book depicts a new picture of women as lap dancer that is a divergence from the coy phase. The recluse status of women is relegated to the background and new images appeared. The book explores a transformative stage that needs to be brought within the purview of the audience. It discusses new precepts that change the perception of the sociological study. The tacit norms form a colossal part of the subcultures of the lap dancers and assume a discursive role. It helps to maintain the social sustainability and preserves the knowledge-power relationship. The writing of Cressey exhibits interplay of sociological understanding and thematic discussion. Cressey formed nine variants to elucidate the types of patrons: The racial group did not get admission elsewhere. The immigrants of Caucasia hail from European country such as Italians, Poles, Greeks, Jews and the Mediterranean people. The elderly people, who have the tendency to court young women, remain sometimes disenchanted from the family. Married men often suffer from various problems that seek secret adventures. The separated men, coming from rural areas, form a new culture. The adventurer have the proclivity to rove about the world The slummer, men of higher stature, have aspired to see the living of counterparts. There are people who suffer from congenital anomalies that disabled them in varied ways. Many refugees have a criminal inclination or people who suffer from local sabotage. Reference: abc.net.au. 2014. ABC News. Retrieved 15 October 2016, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-08-07/a-lost-generation3a-young-people-struggle-to-find-work/5656348 Temple, J. Adair, T. and Hosseini, M. 2011. Ageing and the Barriers to Mature Age Labour Force Participation in Australia. National Seniors Australia. Gelder, K. 2005. The Gangland. The Subcultures Reader.